Co to jest struktura kapitalizacji?

Struktura kapitalizacji odnosi się do udziału długu i kapitału w konfiguracji kapitałowej przedsiębiorstwa. Kapitał to sposób, w jaki firma się finansuje. Kapitał to część własności przedsiębiorstwa. Zwykle ma to miejsce w przypadku firmy emitującej akcje. Zadłużenie to pożyczka udzielona firmie przez inwestora. Pożyczki te mają zwykle formę emisji obligacji. Struktura kapitałowa pokazuje, jaka część finansowania przedsiębiorstwa została przyznana poprzez emisję udziałów własnościowych lub zaciągnięcie pożyczek.

Akcje i obligacje mają inny wpływ na finanse spółki, zapłacone podatki i zobowiązania z tytułu przyszłych przychodów. Struktura kapitalizacji spółki ma istotny wpływ na wskaźniki jej rentowności i siły finansowej, takie jak marża zysku netto, zwrot z kapitału własnego, stosunek zadłużenia do kapitału własnego, pokrycie odsetek i tak dalej.

Struktura kapitalizacji jest również nazywana strukturą kapitału lub strukturą kapitalizacji.

Types of Capitalization Structures
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font-weight: 700;
margin-bottom: 4px;
max-width: 100%;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.group-label.text-label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.group-label.text-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.group-label.text-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.group-label.text-label {
font-weight: 400;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.group-label.inner,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.group-label.inner,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.group-label.inner,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.group-label.inner {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
-webkit-box-direction: normal;
-ms-flex-direction: column;
flex-direction: column;
-webkit-box-pack: center;
-ms-flex-pack: center;
justify-content: center;
-webkit-box-align: center;
-ms-flex-align: center;
align-items: center;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.stop {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
margin-bottom: 2px;
-webkit-transition: 0.2s opacity ease-in-out;
transition: 0.2s opacity ease-in-out;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.stop-swatch,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.stop-swatch,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.stop-swatch,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.stop-swatch {
width: 15px;
height: 15px;
margin-right: 5px;
-webkit-box-flex: 0;
-ms-flex: 0 0 auto;
flex: 0 0 auto;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.stop-label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.stop-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.stop-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.stop-label {
font-size: 13px;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.right {
max-width: 40%;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.left,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.left {
padding: 5px 10px 0 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.right,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.right {
padding: 5px 0 0 10px;
right: 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.top,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.top,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.top,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.top {
padding: 0 0 15px 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.bottom,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.bottom,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.bottom,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.bottom {
padding: 20px 0 0 0;
top: auto;
bottom: 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stops {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stop {
margin-right: 1em;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.stack.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stack.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.stack.stops,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stack.stops {
display: block;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.color-key.horizontal.stack.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stack.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.color-key.horizontal.stack.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.color-key.horizontal.stack.stop {
margin-right: 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.footer-label-container,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.footer-label-container,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.footer-label-container,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.footer-label-container {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
flex-wrap: wrap;
font-size: 13px;
margin: 20px 0 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.footer-label-container.label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.footer-label-container.label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.footer-label-container.label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.footer-label-container.label {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-box-align: center;
-ms-flex-align: center;
align-items: center;
margin: 0 10px 5px 0;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.footer-label-container.num,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.footer-label-container.num,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.footer-label-container.num,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.footer-label-container.num {
margin: 0 5px 0 0;
background: #eee;
-webkit-box-flex: 1;
-ms-flex: 1 0 auto;
flex: 1 0 auto;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.slice,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.label,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.slice,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.slice,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.stop,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.slice,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.stop {
opacity: 0.6;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.label.center-label,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.label.group-label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.label.center-label,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.label.group-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.label.center-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.label.group-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.label.center-label,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.label.group-label {
opacity: 1;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.line-group,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.line-group,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.line-group,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.line-group {
opacity: 0.2;
}
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.slice.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.label.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.stop.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-pies.defined-highlight.line-group.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.slice.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.label.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.stop.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-donuts.defined-highlight.line-group.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.slice.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.label.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.stop.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-pies.defined-highlight.line-group.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.slice.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.label.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.stop.highlight-element,
.chart.vis-d3-multiple-donuts.defined-highlight.line-group.highlight-element {
opacity: 1;
font-weight: 700;
}
.chart.png-export.dw-chart-footer.static-image,
.chart.png-export.dw-chart-footer.chart-action-data,
.chart.png-export.dw-chart-footer.dw-data-link {
display: none!important;
}
.chart.png-export a {
color: unset!important;
}
.x-tick-values span,
.y-tick-values span,
.direct-value-label:not(.inverted) span,
.legend-text span,
.x-tick-values tspan,
.y-tick-values tspan,
.y-tick-values {
color: #191919!important;
fill: #191919!important;
}
.vis-d3-bars-stacked.bc-grid {
z-index: 0!important;
}
.vis-d3-bars-stacked.y-axis {
background-color: #191919!important;
}
.vis-d3-bars-stacked.x-gridline {
background-color: #cecece!important;
}
.legend-text.label {
vertical-align: middle!important;
}
.chart a {
color: #2c40d0;
}
a.source {
text-decoration: none;
}

Types of Capitalization Structures

Firms can either issue either more debt or equity to fund its operations. By issuing equity, firms give up some ownership in the company without the need to pay back investors; by issuing debt, companies increase their leverage by needing to pay back investors. A company’s debt-to-equity ratio is a measure of risk for investors.

AssetsDebtEquity

Source:
Corporate Finance Institute
Chart:
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